Physics 2023 May/June | Past Paper

Q1(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

State Newton's law of gravitation.

Q1(b)

Short Answer 2 marks

A satellite is in a circular orbit around a planet. The radius of the orbit is R and the period of the orbit is T. The planet is a uniform sphere. Use Newton's law of gravitation to show that R and T are related by where M is the mass of the planet and G is the gravitational constant.

Q1(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

The Earth may be considered to be a uniform sphere of mass 5.98 × 10 kg and radius 6.37 × 10 A geostationary satellite is in orbit around the Earth. Use the expression in

Q1(c)(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

to determine the height of the satellite above the Earth's surface. height = m

Q1(d)

Short Answer 1 mark

Another satellite is in a circular orbit around the Earth with the same orbital radius and period

Q1(i)

Short Answer 2 marks

Calculate the angular speed of the satellite in this orbit. Give a unit with your answer. angular speed = unit

Q1(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

Despite having the same orbital period, the orbit of this satellite is not geostationary. Suggest two ways in which the orbit of this satellite could be different from the orbit of the satellite in

Q1(ii)(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

. 1 2 [2] [Total: 11]

Q2(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

(i) State what is meant by an ideal gas.

Q2(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

State the temperature, in degrees Celsius, of absolute zero. temperature = °C

Q2(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

A sealed vessel contains a mass of 0.0424 kg of an ideal gas at 227 °C. The pressure of the gas is 1.37 × 10 Pa and the volume of the gas is 0.640 m Calculate:

Q2(i)

Short Answer 3 marks

the number of molecules of the gas in the vessel number of molecules =

Q2(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

the mass of one molecule of the gas mass = kg

Q2(iii)

Short Answer 3 marks

the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) speed v of the molecules of the gas. v = m s

Q2(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

The gas in

Q2(c)(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

is now cooled gradually to absolute zero. On Fig. 2.1, sketch the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the r.m.s. speed of the molecules of the gas. r.m.s. speed 0 500 T / K [2] [Total: 12]

Q3(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

State the first law of thermodynamics. Identify the meaning of any symbols that you use.

Q3(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

The state of an ideal gas is continuously changed according to the cycle ABCDA shown in Fig. 3.1. pressure volume

Q3(i)

MCQ 4 marks

Complete Table 3.1 for the changes A to B and B to C by placing two ticks (3) in each row. Table 3.1 change change in internal energy work done on gas decreaseno changeincreasenegative zero positive A to B B to C

A

to B

B

to C

Q3(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

Use the first law of thermodynamics to describe and explain the energy transfers associated with one complete cycle ABCDA. [Total: 9]

Q4

Short Answer 1 mark

A small steel sphere is oscillating vertically on the end of a spring, as shown in Fig. 4.1. steel sphere spring oscillations The velocity v of the sphere varies with displacement x from its equilibrium position according to v = ± 9.7(. )x116 where v is in cm s and x is in cm.

Q4(a)

Short Answer 2 marks

(i) Calculate the frequency of the oscillations. frequency = Hz

Q4(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

Show that the amplitude of the oscillations is 3.4 cm.

Q4(iii)

Short Answer 2 marks

Calculate the maximum acceleration a of the sphere. = m s

Q4(b)

Short Answer 3 marks

On Fig. 4.2, sketch the variation with x of the acceleration a of the sphere.- 4 - 2a- a 2 a - 2 2 40 x / cm

Q4(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

Describe, without calculation, the interchange between the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the oscillations. [Total: 11]

Q5

Short Answer 1 mark

Two capacitors A and B are connected into the circuit shown in Fig. 5.1. Capacitor A has capacitance C and capacitor B has capacitance 3C. The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the cell is V. The two-way switch S is initially at position X, and capacitor B is initially uncharged.

Q5(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

State, in terms of V and C, expressions for:

Q5(i)

Short Answer 1 mark

the initial charge Q on the plates of capacitor A =

Q5(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

the initial energy E stored in capacitor A. =

Q5(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

The two-way switch S is now moved to position Y.

Q5(i)

Short Answer 1 mark

State and explain what happens to the charge that was initially on the plates of capacitor A.

Q5(ii)

Short Answer 3 marks

Show that the final potential difference (p.d.) V across capacitor B is given by Explain your reasoning.

Q5(iii)

Short Answer 1 mark

Determine an expression, in terms of V and C, for the decrease ΔE in the total energy that is stored in the capacitors as a result of the change of the position of the switch. Δ E = [2] [Total: 9]

Q6

Short Answer 1 mark

A heavy aluminium disc has a radius of 0.36 m. The disc rotates with the wheels of a vehicle and forms part of an electromagnetic braking system on the vehicle. In order to activate the braking system, a uniform magnetic field of flux density 0.17 T is switched on. This magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the disc, as shown in Fig. 6.1. aluminium disc, radius 0.36 m magnetic field, flux density 0.17 T rotation of discrim axle

Q6(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

(i) Define magnetic flux.

Q6(ii)

Short Answer 2 marks

Calculate the magnetic flux through the disc. Give a unit with your answer. magnetic flux = unit

Q6(b)

Short Answer 3 marks

The disc is rotating at a rate of 25 revolutions per second. Calculate the magnitude of the electromotive force (e.m.f.) induced between the axle and the rim of the disc. e.m.f. = V

Q6(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

The axle and the rim are connected into an external circuit that enables the energy of the rotation of the disc to be stored for future use. The direction of rotation is shown in Fig. 6.1. Use Lenz's law of electromagnetic induction to determine whether the current in the disc is from the rim to the axle or from the axle to the rim. Explain your reasoning. [Total: 10]

Q7

Short Answer 1 mark

Four diodes are used in a bridge rectifier circuit to produce rectification of a sinusoidal a.c. input voltage V Fig. 7.1 shows part of the circuit, but three of the diodes are missing.OUT The p.d. across the load resistor R is the output p.d. VOUT of the bridge rectifier.

Q7(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

(i) State the name of the type of rectification produced by a bridge rectifier.

Q7(ii)

Short Answer 2 marks

Complete Fig. 7.1 by drawing the three missing diodes, correctly connected.

Q7(iii)

Short Answer 1 mark

On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow to indicate the direction of the current in resistor R.

Q7(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

V has amplitude V and period T. Fig. 7.2 shows the variation with time t of V 0.5T 1.0T 1.5T 2.0T0

Q7(i)

Short Answer 3 marks

On Fig. 7.3, sketch the variation of VOUT with t between t = 0 and t = 2.0T.OUT 0.5T 1.0T 1.5T 2.0T0

Q7(ii)

Short Answer 2 marks

The power dissipated in the resistor is P. On Fig. 7.4, sketch the variation of P with t between t = 0 and t = 2.0T. 0.5T 1.0T 1.5T 2.0T0

Q7(iii)

Short Answer 1 mark

Suggest, with a reason, how the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of VOUT compares with the r.m.s. value of V [Total: 10]

Q8

Short Answer 1 mark

Fig. 8.1 shows the lowest four energy levels of an electron in an isolated atom. increasing energy n = 4 n = 3 n = 2 n = 1 Fig. 8.2 shows the lines in the emission spectrum of the atom that correspond to the transitions of the electron from n = 3 to n = 1 and from n = 4 to n = 1. increasing frequency

Q8(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

Explain, with reference to photons, why there is a single frequency of electromagnetic radiation that corresponds to each of these transitions.

Q8(b)

Short Answer 2 marks

(i) On Fig. 8.2, draw a line that corresponds to the transition of the electron from n = 2 to n = 1. Label this line A.

Q8(ii)

Short Answer 2 marks

On Fig. 8.2, draw a line that corresponds to the transition of the electron from n = 3 to n = 2. Label this line B.

Q8(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

The frequency of radiation represented by line A is f The frequency of radiation represented by line B is f The energy of the ground state (n = 1) is E Determine an expression, in terms of f, f, E and the Planck constant h, for the energy E the energy level n = 3. = [2] [Total: 8]

Q9(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

Define mass defect.

Q9(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

Table 9.1 shows the mass defects of three nuclei. Table 9.1 nucleus mass defect / u H 0.002 388 H 0.009 105 He 0.030 377 The nuclear fusion process in a particular star is described by H + He + X where X is a particle that has no mass defect.

Q9(i)

Short Answer 1 mark

State the name of particle X.

Q9(ii)

Short Answer 3 marks

Show that the energy released when one nucleus of He is formed in this fusion reaction is 2.8 × 10-12

Q9(c)

Short Answer 1 mark

The star in

Q9(c)(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

has a radius of 2.3 × 10 m and a luminosity of 1.4 × 10 All the energy released from the formation of He is radiated away from the star. All the energy that is radiated from the star has been released in the formation ofHe. Determine:

Q9(i)

Short Answer 3 marks

the mass of He produced per unit time by the fusion process mass per unit time = kg s

Q9(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

the surface temperature of the star. temperature = K [2] [Total: 11]

Q10(a)

Short Answer 1 mark

X-rays for use in medical diagnosis are produced in an X-ray tube. In the X-ray tube, charged particles are accelerated towards a metal target by an applied potential difference (p.d.).

Q10(i)

Short Answer 1 mark

State the name of the charged particles that are accelerated by the applied p.d.

Q10(ii)

Short Answer 1 mark

Explain how X-rays are produced at the metal target.

Q10(iii)

Short Answer 3 marks

Calculate the minimum wavelength of X-rays produced when the applied p.d. is 5.80 kV. wavelength = m

Q10(b)

Short Answer 1 mark

X-rays pass through a medium that has an attenuation coefficient of 1.4 cm Calculate the percentage of the X-ray energy that is absorbed by a 2.8 cm thickness of this medium. percentage absorbed = % [3] [Total: 9] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

Board	CAIE
Level	A Level
Subject	Physics
Code	`9702`
Year	2023
Session	May/June
Q&A	65 questions

Physics 2023 · May/June

Questions & Model Answers 65 Qs

Paper Details